Molecular signatures of neurotoxicity in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Bibliographic record
Abstract
P12 Background Neurobehavioral disorders, and stroke are frequently reported after cardiac surgery. Although cerebral neuronal damage may be caused by transient or outlasting hypoxia as a consequence of embolism, the underlying mechanisms remain unsettled. Objective: To analyze changes in the biochemical markers of neurotoxicity in 26 patients who underwent CABG (n=14), valve replacement (n=10) or other cardiac surgery (n=2) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: The surgical protocol recorded the total perfusion time, cross-clamp time, minimum nasopharyngeal temperature and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Canadian stroke scale was evaluated prior surgery, at 24h and 48h after CPB. Blood samples were obtained immediately before surgery, just after surgery, at 6h, and at 24h after CPB. Mean perfusion time was 105±36 min, mean cross-clamp time was 67±27 min, and mean lower temperature was 30.6±1.7°C. MAP was lower than 50 mmHg in 4 patients, and remained between 50 and 90 mmHg in 22. Results: Glutamate concentrations increased four fold, and L-arginine and GABA levels decreased 30%, just after surgery (all p Conclusions: CPB is associated with an important increase of excitatory, and decrease of inhibitory amino acids in the blood. L-arginine consumption might reflect nitric oxide generation. These findings suggest that cerebral excitotoxicity may occur in cardiac surgery. Prophylactic neuroprotection in CPB should be investigated in clinical trials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".