Demonstrating Stacked Services of a Battery in a Wind R&D Park
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes the demonstration and evaluation of stacking wind power time-shifting and regulation by a 1 MW/2 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS) within a 10 MW wind park. The BESS time-shifted 15.8 MWh of wind power to peak periods while responding to the automatic generation control (AGC) signals that provide regulation over the 24 day test period. Its fast response time and accurate output allowed the BESS to provide both services simultaneously. Limiting the charging to periods when wind power was available lowered the amount of time-shifting and AGC that could be provided. Some form of AGC was delivered from the BESS for 78.5% of the test period and, if it were remunerated at the PJM rate when the test was performed, it would have earned 8627 USD, with 97% from regulation and the rest from time-shifting wind power. Using PJM's performance template, the BESS averaged a performance score of 70.5% during hours when regulation was performed. This work adds to the growing empirical data that is informing models of and policy for grid storage.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it