<i>In situ</i>transmission electron microscopy study of the thermally induced formation of δ′-ZrO in pure Zr and Zr-based alloy
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study reports in situ observations of the formation of the δ′-ZrO phase, occurring during the annealing of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) thin foils of both pure Zr and a Zr–Sn–Nb–Mo alloy at 973 K in a transmission electron microsope. The lattice parameters of δ′-ZrO were measured and determined to be similar to those of the ω-Zr phase. The orientation relationship between the δ′-ZrO and α-Zr phases has been identified as either {(11 \overline{2}0)}_{\rm ZrO}//{(0002)}_{\alpha} and {[0002]}_{\rm ZrO}//{[11 \overline{2}0]}_{\alpha} or {(\overline{1}011)}_{\rm ZrO}//{(0002)}_{\alpha} and {[01{\overline 1}1]_{{\rm{ZrO}}}}//{[11{\overline 2}0]_\alpha} depending on the orientation of the α grain relative to the TEM thin-foil normal. The nucleation and growth of δ′-ZrO were dynamically observed. This study suggests a new and convenient way to study oxidation mechanisms in Zr alloys and provides a deeper understanding of the properties of the newly reported δ′-ZrO. Since δ′-ZrO has a Zr sublattice which is identical to that of ω-Zr, the orientation relationships between the α and δ′-ZrO phases may also shed light on the orientation relations existing between α- and ω-Zr, and hence α- and ω-Ti.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it