Droit privé: Un abus de langage? (Private Law: A Misnomer?)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Notre propos n’a rien de linguistique ni de terminologique : il vise plutot a montrer le caractere essentiellement social et relationnel de la regle de droit civil. Le droit civil contemporain se construit principalement sous la forme juridique relationnelle droit/obligation ou creancier/debiteur, forme concue comme moyen de premunir les sujets de droit contre les dangers d’exploitation et de violence. Dans une premiere partie, nous tenterons d’illustrer le caractere social et relationnel du droit prive a l’aide de deux importantes fonctions du droit civil, a savoir l’assignation des roles d’une part et l’allocation des ressources d’autre part. Une seconde partie utilisera, aussi a titre d’exemple, deux institutions du droit civil qui, en premiere analyse, ne semblent pas concorder en tous points avec la problematique suggeree ici et a propos desquelles nous nous demanderons si elles en sont vraiment des contre-exemples. Il s’agit de l’enrichissement injustifie et de la liberalite.Cette etude nous permettra aussi de demontrer que si le droit civil contemporain est construit principalement sous la forme juridique relationnelle droit/obligation, il est traverse d’une tension conceptuelle lorsqu’il s’agit d’aborder les realites familiales. Le couple droit/obligation qui doit servir a limiter les dangers d’exploitation et de violence n’est pas capable de saisir l’acte d’amour ou de sacrifice sans lui faire perdre son caractere propre. Cet acte doit necessairement s’exprimer en dehors de la forme juridique droit/obligation. On aurait peine a prendre au serieux quelqu’un qui dirait aimer par obligation. L’obligation ne represente pas l’elan du cœur. Mais puisque l’amour et le sacrifice refusent de se mouler dans le rapport droit/obligation, le droit civil peut avoir du mal a determiner si l’on est en presence d’un acte d’amour ou de sacrifice de l’un des partenaires ou d’un acte d’exploitation et de violence de la part de l’autre. Le droit civil tend donc a intervenir uniquement apres avoir traduit la dynamique normative qui etait en place au sein de l’unite familiale en termes socialement comprehensibles de droit/obligation. La forme juridique du « droit prive » contemporain semble donc incapable de saisir les rapports les plus intimes des individus sans prealablement les socialiser. This paper is not about the proper use of the terms “private law”. Rather, we aim at demonstrating the essentially social and relational character of contemporary civil law. At the heart of civil law’s conceptual apparatus is the “right/obligation” juridical form. This translates into civil law’s main characters who are the “creditor” and the “debtor”. The “right/obligation” juridical form is imagined as protecting individuals against the dangers of exploitation and violence. In the first part of this paper, we illustrate the social and relational character of private law through the examination of two important functions of civil law: the construction of legal identities through legal statuses, and allocation of resources. The second part of this article will examine two domains of civil law that may, at first sight, appear to go against our characterisation of private law as being constructed upon the “right/obligation” juridical form: unjust enrichment and liberalities.While contemporary civil law is mainly built upon the “right/obligation” juridical form, it is shot through with a deep conceptual tension when dealing with family matters. The conceptual couple of “right/obligation” that is supposed to protect law’s subjects against exploitation and violence cannot make sense of sacrifice and love. Acts of sacrifice and love can only make sense outside of the logics of rights and obligations. Civil law thus has a hard time distinguishing an act of love and sacrifice towards one partner, from an act of exploitation and violence by the other. Thus, civil law only intervenes between the members of a family unit after having “translated” the normative dynamics involved into the socially understandable terms of “rights/obligations”. Contemporary “private law” thus seems incapable of capturing the most intimate relations of individuals without first socialising them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".