El Caribe centroamericano en la estrategia defensivomilitar de la Casa de los Austrias, siglos XVI y XVII
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The intention of this article is to demonstrate the importance of defensive and military strategies of the Spanish Crown in the 16th and 17th centuries against the foreign incursion in different regions of the Wider Caribbean. Through the text, you can see that the Habsburgs considered its overseas colonies of the first and second order inside a defensive policy to protect colonial, expansionist and commercial interests. The example of the Kingdom of Guatemala is a presentation, how confronting foreign threats in a region considered by the Royal authorities of the second order, but also as the geopolitical situation of the area influenced of the changes of this defensive policy during the 18th-century. It should be noted that in this work were used the historical sources from the General Archive of the West Indies (Seville, Spain) and the General Archive of Central America (Guatemala, Guatemala), as well as manuscripts of the epoch and the secondary bibliography. Resumen: La intención de este artículo es demostrar la importancia de estrategias defensivas y militares de la Corona española en los siglos XVI y XVII contra la penetración extranjera en diferentes regiones del Gran Caribe. A través del texto se puede ver que los Habsburgo consideraban sus colonias ultramarinas de primer y segundo orden dentro de una política defensiva para proteger sus intereses coloniales, expansionistas y comerciales. El ejemplo del Reino de Guatemala es una presentación sobre cómo se enfrentaban las amenazas extranjeras en una región considerada por las autoridades reales del segundo orden, pero también cómo la situación geopolítica del área influyó en cambio de dicha política defensiva en el siglo XVIII. Cabe señalar que en el presente trabajo se utilizaron las fuentes históricas provenientes del Archivo General de Indias (Sevilla, España) y del Archivo General de Centro América (Guatemala, Guatemala), así como los relatos de la época y la bibliografía secundaria. Résumé: Cet article souhaite démontrer l'importance des stratégies de défense militaire de la couronne espagnole aux XVIème et XVIIème siècles dans sa lutte d'invasions étrangères dans les différentes parties de la Grande Caraïbe. Les textes de l'époque permettent de voir que les Habsbourg tenaient compte de leurs colonies d'outre-mer de premier et de second rang dans leur politique de défense afin de protéger leurs intérêts coloniaux, mais aussi leurs politiques expansionnistes et commerciales. L'exemple du Roi du Guatemala permet de présenter comment les menaces étrangères se sont affrontées dans une région considérée de second rang par les autorités royales, mais permet également de voir comment la situation géopolitique de la région a influencé à son tour la politique de défense du XVIIIème siècle. Il convient de signaler que le présent travail a utilisé les sources historiques provenant des Archives Générales des Indes (Archivo General de Indias) qui se trouvent à Séville, en Espagne, et les Archives Générales d'Amérique Centrale qui se trouvent dans la capitale du Guatemala, ainsi que des récits datant de la période étudiée et une bibliographie secondaire.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it