Fractional-N DPLL-Based Low-Power Clocking Architecture for 1–14 Gb/s Multi-Standard Transmitter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A low-power clocking solution is presented based on fractional-N highly digital LC-phase-locked loop (PLL) and sub-sampled ring PLL targeting multi-standard SerDes applications. The shared fractional-N digital LC-PLL covers 7-10 GHz frequency range consuming only 8-mW power and occupying 0.15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of silicon area with integrated jitter of 264 fs. Frequency resolution of the LC-PLL is 2 MHz. Per lane clock is generated using wide bandwidth ring PLL covering 800 MHz to 4 GHz to support the data rates between 1 and 14 Gb/s. The ring PLL supports dither-less fractional resolution of 250 MHz, corrects I/Q error with split tuning, and achieves less than 400-fs integrated jitter. Transmitter works at 14 Gb/s with power efficiency of 0.80 pJ/bit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".