Dissociative symptoms are associated with neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with MDD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction It is widely reported that persons with major depressive disorder (MDD) show impaired performance on cognitive functioning, including frontotemporally mediated cognitive functions. The presence of cognitive dysfunction among patients with dissociative symptoms in trauma-related disorders may contribute to poorer treatment outcomes. Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently report dissociative symptoms. Here we investigate association of dissociative symptoms and neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with depression. We predicted that higher levels of dissociative symptoms among persons with MDD would be associated with lower scores on objective measures of frontotemporally mediated neurocognitive functions. Methods Patients who met DSM-V diagnostic criteria for a primary diagnosis of recurrent MDD were recruited. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) was administered to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. To assess dissociative symptoms participants completed the Multiscale Dissociation Inventory (MDI). Two groups of patients were selected and matched. One group consisted of 13 patients having MDD and dissociative symptoms and second group consisted of 12 patients having MDD only. To measure frontotemporally mediated cognitive functioning following tests were administered: Color Trails Test; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT). To examine group differences on clinical and neuropsychological scores, two-tailed independent samples t-tests was performed. Results Group comparisons of performance on neuropsychological tests showed that participants with depression and dissociative symptoms performed worse on Color Trails Test Part 2 completion time, a measure of mental flexibility and processing speed. MDI depersonalization scores were correlated with measures of processing speed, mental flexibility and sustained attention. Specifically, Color Trails Test Part 2 scores were negatively correlated with depersonalization symptoms, where lower scores indicate slower completion time. Depersonalization symptoms on the MDI were also related to the CPT Hit Reaction Time Interstimulus Interval Change (a measure of vigilance), such that higher levels of depersonalization were related to better performance in a less active environment. Conclusions Our results suggest that dissociation is related to specific subtle impairments in neurocognitive functioning. Dissociative symptoms should ideally be assessed before treatment, as they may influence MDD treatment response. The findings point towards the need to further examine the impact of dissociation on functioning in patients with depression. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".