Chronic periodontitis is associated with platelet factor 4 (<scp>PF</scp>4) secretion: A pilot study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aim Platelets contribute to chronic inflammation, but their role in periodontitis is not well understood. The aim of this study was to compare platelet recruitment and activation in healthy and inflamed periodontium. Materials and Methods Gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ) samples were obtained from sites of healthy periodontium, gingivitis and periodontitis. Platelets were quantified in the GCF by staining and microscopy. GCF concentrations of platelet factor 4 ( PF 4) [ PF 4] GCF and glycoprotein II b III a ([ GPII b III a] GCF ) were determined by ELISA . Blood samples were obtained from the three patient groups. Platelets were isolated from whole blood and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) from Porphyromonas gingivalis to evaluate and compare the LPS ‐induced PF 4 release. Results Compared to controls, platelet recruitment was increased at gingivitis and periodontitis sites, based on platelet counts and [ GPII b III a] GCF . [ PF 4] GCF was elevated in periodontal pockets but not at gingivitis or healthy sites. Circulating plasma levels of PF 4 were higher in patients with generalized severe periodontitis ( SP ), compared to patients with gingivitis or healthy periodontium. Platelets isolated from SP patients contained and released more PF 4 in response to P. gingivalis LPS than platelets from gingivitis or periodontally healthy patients. Conclusions Periodontitis is associated with increased platelet activation and PF 4 release, both locally and systemically.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".