Properties, Dimensions, and Heritability of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in a Community Sample of Children and Adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder commonly seen in children and adolescents. The etiology of OCD remains elusive mostly due to its complex, heterogeneous phenotype and genotype. Increasing evidence support a multidimensional model of OCD and a continuous nature of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms in the general population. However, there is limited understanding of OC symptoms in pediatric populations. Using a novel questionnaire, the Toronto Obsessive Compulsive Scale, we investigated properties, dimensions, and heritability of OC symptoms in a community sample of 16,380 children and adolescents, and a sub-sample of 220 twin pairs, respectively. We identified six distinct OC symptom dimensions in our study that parallel those identified in previous studies: (1) Superstition, (2) Cleaning/Contamination, (3) Hoarding, (4) Symmetry/Ordering, (5) Checking/Counting, (6) Rumination. Phenotypic and heritability characteristics of overall and dimensions of OC symptoms are reviewed in detail. Research and clinical implications of the current study are also discussed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".