Guidance on the Utilization of Earthquake‐Induced Ground Motion Simulations in Engineering Practice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper summarizes developed guidance on the utilization of earthquake‐induced ground motion simulations for engineering practice. Attention is given to the necessary verification, validation and utilization documentation in order for confidence in the predictive capability of simulated motions to be established. The construct of a ground motion simulation validation matrix is developed for assessing the appropriateness of a particular suite of simulated ground motions from the perspective of region‐to‐site‐specific application and for different specific engineering systems. Appropriate validation metrics and “pass” criteria, the consideration of modeling uncertainties, and limitations associated with a relative lack of validation data are also addressed. An example is utilized in order to demonstrate the application of the guidance. This document is intended to be bidirectional in the sense that it provides guidance for earthquake engineers on the appropriateness of a suite of ground motion simulations for utilization in a site‐specific context, as well as ground motion simulators to understand the context in which their results will be utilized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.041 | 0.170 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".