Voltammetric determination of copper and zinc in water using a Ruthenium bipyridyl/Nafion-modified indium tin oxide-coated glass electrode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chemically-modified Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates were fabricated by depositing Nafion thin films doped with tris (2,2’-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) dichloride hexahydrate via drop coating deposition technique. The Nafion volume concentration in the film is 1% (v/v) and the mediator concentration is 5 mg per 1 mL Nafion. The chemically-modified electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and were used as working electrodes to detect varying concentrations of copper (Cu2+) and zinc (Zn2+) in a 0.1 M NaCl supporting electrolyte solution via Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV). Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions were successfully determined by ASV. The limits of detection for Cu2+ and Zn2+ were 0.1 ppm and 0.7 ppm, respectively. The modified electrodes were used to determine the presence of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in different real water samples. The presence of Cu2+ was successfully determined in deep well, lake, and tap water samples, while the presence of Zn2+ was successfully determined in sea and tap water samples. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) results confirm the presence of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in the samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".