Jet-Grouting as Earth Retention System in the Canadian Pacific Northwest: Case History of a Challenging 16 Meter Deep Excavation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Jet-grouting is often used in British Columbia, Canada, as an earth retention system for excavation support and, contemporarily, as water cut-off. This paper mention briefly few case histories, with particular emphasis on the application of jet-grouting technology, as a soil improvement technique, for the excavation support and the underpinning of the Georgia Viaduct foundations, for the construction of a 32 story above grade tower with over five levels of below grade parking. Some iconic Vancouver Buildings, such as Olympic Village, built for the 2010 winter games, have been constructed with the use of jet-grouting, but, probably the most challenging is the Rogers Arena South Tower. The tower is located in False Creek, Vancouver, in proximity of Rogers Arena, home of the local NHL hockey team, the Vancouver Canucks, immediately North of Griffiths Way at Pacific Boulevard and South of the Georgia Street Viaduct. The presence of the existing viaduct results in extreme structural challenges that were overcome with the use of jet-grouting and micropiles. The paper will describe the jet-grouting soil improvement design and construction used for the underpinning of the viaduct piers and the temporary shoring, as well the instrumentation used for the monitoring of the viaduct piers and shoring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".