ATROPHY OF THE ENTORHINAL CORTEX IS RELATED TO INCREASED DUAL-TASK GAIT COST AMONG MCI OLDER ADULTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Lower dual-task gait performance (the slowing of gait speed while performing a cognitive demanding task) is associated with lower cognitive performance, particularly in MCI older adults. However, the neural mechanism of increased dual-task cost is still unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between dual-task cost and regional brain volume, focusing on prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex, and whether these variables were associated with future onset of dementia among MCI older adults. Methods: Forty-one older adults (mean age 74 ± 6 years, 44% women) with MCI from the “Gait and Brain Study” were followed up for up to five years with biannual visits including cognitive, gait, and medical assessment. Gait velocity and stride time variability were recorded under simple and three separate dual-task gait conditions using an electronic walkway. Regional brain volumes were derived from automated segmentation using 3T-MRI scanning. Results: Adjusted regression analyses showed that higher dual-task costs were associated with smaller volume in the entorhinal cortex but not with the prefrontal and hippocampal volumes. During the follow-up period (mean, 30 months), six participants converted to dementia. A logistic regression analysis showed that future onset of dementia was associated with smaller volume in the entorhinal cortex alone (OR = 1.005, p = 0.034). Conclusions: Our results suggest that lower dual-task gait performance is a motor manifestation of entorhinal cortical atrophy which leads to progression to dementia. Our result provides an anatomical substrate to the concept that dual-task gait can be an early motor marker of progression to dementia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".