Adsorptive removal of refractory sulfur compounds by tantalum oxide modified activated carbons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adsorptive desulfurization of a model diesel fuel consisting of dibenzothiophene (DBT) or 4,6‐dimethyldibenzothiophene(4,6‐DMDBT) in hexadecane was performed over activated carbons and tantalum oxide modified (Ta‐x/ACC, x= 2, 5 or 10 wt % Ta, Activated Carbon Centaur) activated carbons at 50°C. The adsorption isotherm for ACC followed the Langmuir model while the adsorption on Ta‐5/ACC fitted the Sips equation indicating more than one type of adsorption sites. Characterization studies indicated new types of adsorption site resulting from the incorporation of Ta oxide into the porous structure of the ACC. XPS data suggested interaction of Ta with the S atom in DBT. The heats of adsorption in the liquid phase determined from micro flow calorimetry for DBT in C16 confirmed the interaction of Ta with DBT. Ta‐5/ACC exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for 4,6‐DMDBT compared to literature reports. Competitive adsorption experiments showed the adsorption capacity as follows: quinoline> DBT≫ naphthalene. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".