Patterns of Coarse Woody Debris in Hardwood Forests across a Chronosequence of Ash Mortality Due to the Emerald Ash Borer (<i>Agrilus planipennis</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) (EAB) is causing widespread ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality in 25 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. We investigated the impact of EAB on coarse woody debris (CWD) volume across 24 sites in western and central Ohio, USA, representing a chronosequence of ash mortality, quantified by the year ash mortality reached 25% (Year25�ad). CWD volume averaged 60.36 m3/ha, and was positively associated with total (live plus dead) ash basal area (BA), but was not greater in sites where ash death occurred earlier. For the volume of CWD in the first, least-rotted, decay class, stepwise regression revealed that both ash BA and Year25�ad were significant predictors; sites with more ash BA and where ash mortality had occurred earlier had more class 1 CWD. Additionally, class 1 CWD in those early mortality sites was primarily (87%) ash, compared to 40% ash in sites with more recent ash mortality. This large influx of CWD, particularly ash CWD, combined with future inputs from ash that are still standing, will elevate CWD volume in the near future, especially in sites with greater ash basal area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".