Cobalt Complexes As Single Redox Molecules for Catholyte and Anolyte in Redox Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We herein present the design and realization of chelating ligands in modulating redox potentials of the central metal ion, offering a single redox molecule to both catholyte and anolyte applicable in the field of redox batteries. We demonstrated an increase in redox potentials from the bidentate and tridentate ligands that are coordinated with Co(II) forming pseudo-octahedral complexes. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves using a three-electrode cell show quasi-reversible behavior of the Co(I/II) and Co(II/III) redox couples in non-aqueous electrolyte solutions such as carbonate and glymes. Further, the potential of Co(II/III) is altered due to the electron deficiency of ligands. Amongst the ligands investigated, tridentate and the most electron deficient one provide the highest peak to peak voltage, equal to ~1.85 V. The single species of Co complex in the redox cells with 200 mM delivers ~22.3 mAh L -1 and ~98% capacity retention for 300 cycles at a current density of 0.2 mA cm -2 and 35ºC (Fig.1), yielding a volumetric energy density of 40.7 Wh L -1 . At a current density of 0.5 mA cm -2 Coulombic efficiency lingers at ~96% over 600 cycles, demonstrating a promising redox cell with long-term cycling stability. The ligand design associated redox-reaction process and the stability of Co complex for galvanostatic cycling would be further discussed in the presentation. Figure 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".