Novel Ru(II) Heteroleptic Complexes Anchored to TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystalline: Synthesis, Characterization and Application to Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes from Ru(NO)(NO3)3 as precursor have been designed, synthesized, and characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV–Vis, PL, ICP and CHN analyses. The reaction details and features were described in detail. Solar cells involving thin films of anatase TiO2 impregnated with these dyes were prepared using an electrolyte solution of I-/I3- in acetonitrile as the electron mediator, and their photovoltaic performance was evaluated. The system lacking carboxyl moiety as anchoring groups shows poor photovoltaic performance. We found that the efficiency of cell is strongly affected by the presence of carboxyl groups of the sensitizing dye, the efficiency of 1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylic acid(btec) ruthenium(II) (with three btec moieties) adsorbed on nanocrystalline TiO2 films being 4 times as large as that of bahtophenathrolin ruthenium(II) (with one nitrato group) adsorbed on the same films . An incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 8% at 510 nm was obtained for tris(1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylic acid) ruthenium(II) (4)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".