Novel Ru(II) Heteroleptic Complexes Anchored to TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystalline: Synthesis, Characterization and Application to Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes from Ru(NO)(NO3)3 as precursor have been designed, synthesized, and characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV–Vis, PL, ICP and CHN analyses. The reaction details and features were described in detail. Solar cells involving thin films of anatase TiO2 impregnated with these dyes were prepared using an electrolyte solution of I-/I3- in acetonitrile as the electron mediator, and their photovoltaic performance was evaluated. The system lacking carboxyl moiety as anchoring groups shows poor photovoltaic performance. We found that the efficiency of cell is strongly affected by the presence of carboxyl groups of the sensitizing dye, the efficiency of 1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylic acid(btec) ruthenium(II) (with three btec moieties) adsorbed on nanocrystalline TiO2 films being 4 times as large as that of bahtophenathrolin ruthenium(II) (with one nitrato group) adsorbed on the same films . An incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 8% at 510 nm was obtained for tris(1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylic acid) ruthenium(II) (4)
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it