Did Implementation of the Zero-Tolerance for Head Contact Rule Change the Risk of Concussion and Injury in Youth Hockey Players in Alberta?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Ice hockey is a popular winter sport in Canada. Concussion accounts for the greatest proportion of all injuries in youth ice hockey. Research has informed policy change enforcing the no head contact rule in all leagues in Canada in 2011. Objective: To determine if the risk of game-related concussion and other injury differ for Pee Wee (ages 11-12) and Bantam (ages 13-14) players following a 2011 rule implementation compared to players in similar divisions prior to the rule change. Design: Historical cohort study. Setting : Ice hockey rinks. Participants: Historical cohort included Pee Wee (most elite 70%, 2007/08) (n=891) and Bantam (most elite 30%, 2008/09) (n=378) players before the rule change and Pee Wee (2011/12) (n=588) and Bantam (2011/12) (n=244) players in the same levels of play after the policy change. Assessment of Risk Factors: Exposure of ice hockey teams before and after a “zero tolerance for head contact” rule enforcement policy change. Risk factors include position, and previous injury/concussion. Main Outcome Measurements: Suspected concussions were identified by a team designate (Pee Wee) or team therapist (Bantam) and referred to a sport medicine physician. Hockey injuries included those requiring medical attention and/or time loss. Results: The risk of game concussion increased in both age cohorts in the season following implementation of the zero-tolerance for head contact rule (Rule 6.5) in 2011 compared to players in similar age groups and divisions prior to implementation (Pee Wee concussion IRR = 1.96 [95% CI; 1.29-2.98] and Bantam concussion IRR = 2.61 [95% CI; 1.28-5.35]). The risk of other injury (excluding concussion) did not change in the Bantam level (Bantam other injury IRR = 0.99 [95% CI; 0.62-1.63]). Conclusions: The “zero tolerance for head contact or head checks” rule did not reduce game-related concussion risk in Pee Wee or Bantam ice hockey players. This study will inform future research examining mechanism of injury leading to concussions in youth ice hockey.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".