Histologic and histomorphometric assessment of sinus‐floor augmentation with beta‐tricalcium phosphate alone or in combination with pure‐platelet‐rich plasma or platelet‐rich fibrin: A randomized clinical trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The potential effects of adding pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) graft substitute on bone formation and regeneration after maxillary sinus-floor elevation remains unclear. PURPOSE: To compare the histologic and histomorphometric outcomes of maxillary sinus-floor augmentation among β-TCP alone, P-PRP-mixed β-TCP, and PRF-mixed β-TCP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial, elevated sinus cavities were grafted with β-TCP (the control group), P-PRP-mixed β-TCP (the P-PRP group), and PRF-mixed β-TCP (PRF group). The sample was composed of 26 patients: 9 subjects in control and P-PRP groups, and 8 subjects in PRF group. After a 6-month, healing period, bone graft biopsies were harvested prior to implant placement, and the specimens were analyzed. The main outcome variables included findings of histologic and histomorphometric analyses of the bone graft biopsies. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. RESULTS: The mean percentages of new bone formations were 33.40 ± 10.43%, 34.83 ± 10.12%, and 32.03 ± 6.34% in control, P-PRP, and PRF groups, respectively, with no significant differences (P > .05). Mean percentages of residual graft particle area were 30.39 ± 10.29%, 28.98 ± 7.94%, and 32.66 ± 7.46% in control, P-PRP, and PRF groups, respectively, with no significant differences (P > .05). The mean percentages of soft-tissue area were 36.21 ± 10.59%, 36.19 ± 13.94%, and 35.31 ± 10.81% in control, P-PRP, and PRF groups, respectively, with no significant differences (P > .05). Mean densities of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and capillary vessels showed insignificant difference between groups (P > .05), but osteoprogenitor cells were lower and inflammatory cells were higher in the PRF group than those in other groups (P < .01). Biopsies of P-PRP, PRF, and control groups showed similar composition and distribution of histologic structures. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that adding P-PRP or PRF to β-TCP graft substitute was not beneficial on new bone formation and regeneration, and P-PRP plus β-TCP or PRF plus β-TCP is not superior to β-TCP alone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".