The Demographic Impact of a Mild Famine in an African City: The Case of Antananarivo, 1985-7
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Famines have been recurrent throughout human history. Their occurrence has diminished only recently because of increases in food production, improved man¬ agement of food stocks, the diminishing isolation of most parts of the world, greater international trade, better and faster transport, as well as increased international awareness, higher sensitivity towards human rights, and greater international solidar¬ ity. However, even in the second half of the twentieth century severe famines occurred in South Asia, China, and sub-Saharan Africa. If earlier famines were primarily due to dimatic factors, plant diseases and poor crisis management, recent famines seem mostly to have been due to serious mismanagement by the state (i.e. bad governance) and to the voluntary or forced isolation of a country-often the consequence of international or civil war. The latter scenario applies particularly apropos famines in sub-Saharan Africa during the past quarter of a century.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".