Pre- and post-rehabilitation behaviour of a deteriorated horizontal ellipse culvert
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental campaign was undertaken to assess the impact of deterioration and rehabilitation on the performance of corrugated steel horizontal ellipse culverts. A corrugated steel horizontal ellipse culvert was corroded using an accelerated corrosion technique and then buried up to a soil cover of 0.45 m. It was subsequently tested using simulated tandem axle loading. The culvert was then rehabilitated using the paved invert technique and tested under the same loading arrangement before being loaded up to its ultimate capacity. Results were compared with a previous study on an intact horizontal ellipse culvert. For the level of corrosion present, there seemed to be no impact on the structural behaviour as both the intact and corroded culverts had similar stiffness. Paving the invert did improve the structural performance compared to the deteriorated culvert. For example, the axial strains were reduced by 23% at the crown and 31% at the shoulder. The ultimate capacity of the rehabilitated structure was also improved as it failed at a total tandem axle load of 1600 kN while the intact culvert failed at 1325 kN. It is worth noting that both of these culverts failed at a load greater than twice the fully factored design load.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".