QUANTIFYING THE INFLUENCE OF SINKHOLES ON WATER BALANCE IN IRAN’S GOLGIR ALLUVIAL PLAIN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Southwestern Iran's Golgir plain lies on chalky bedrock made up of Tertiary gypsum surrounded and covered by thin Quaternary deposits.Since the onset of the new millennium, this region and its farmland has been prone to land depression and other instability phenomena linked to gypsum dissolution.A simple water balance over the period of 2005 to 2012 was employed to assess the role of sinkholes in these phenomena.Geological and geophysical features as well as initial water balance calculations confirmed the presence of sinkholes and their influence in the study area.A significant discrepancy (2.55×10 6 m 3 ) was observed between annual estimates of water inputs and discharge from the region, likely attributable to errors in identifying and quantifying output components.A bedrock map derived from geophysical investigations and the geological characterization of the chalky bedrock showed that, in comparison to the local groundwater table, there was a roughly 40 m drawdown towards the location of sinkholes.Groundwater inflow towards the aquifer was revised so as to include an identified sinkhole output component in the water balance equation, resulting in a much greater accuracy in the annual water balance estimates.Estimated annual recharge volumes ranged from 4.39×10 6 to 7.15×10 6 m 3 , with a mean of 5.64×10 6 m 3 .The water balance equation was shown to constitute a simple, cost-effective, and reliable approach to the recognition and evaluation of sinkholes in areas under similar conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".