Double cone of eigendirections in optically active ethylenediammonium selenate crystals
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Circular birefringence (CB) is generally responsible for only a small perturbation to the state of light polarization in crystals that also exhibit linear birefringence (LB). As such, the magnetoelectric tensor of gyration, which gives rise to CB and optical activity, is less well determined than the electric permittivity tensor in optical models of the Mueller matrix. To visualize the effect of the magnetoelectric tensor on polarimetric measurements, reported here are experimental mappings of the Mueller matrix and of the CB in a new chiral crystal with accidental null LB at an accessible optical frequency. Single crystals of ethylenediammonium selenate (EDSeO 4 ) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction and Mueller matrix measurements in transmission and reflection. The crystals are isomorphous with the corresponding sulfate salt. They are tetragonal, space group P 4 1(3) 2 1 2. The constitutive relations of EDSeO 4 were recovered using a partial wave summation of incoherent reflections. The extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices cross at 364 nm (3.41 eV), a scenario commonly called the `isotropic point' or `iso-index point'. At this wavelength, the magnetoelectric tensor fully describes the polarization transformation, giving rise to a double cone of eigendirections.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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