Bibliographic record
Abstract
In an attempt to frame the immediate backdrop within which the notion came to life that psychological constructs constitute a unique category requiring a novel theory of validity, this chapter reviews the dialogue and debate in the 1930s and 1940s surrounding both the growing fragmentation of validity and the role and utility of so-called hypothetical constructs in relation to intervening variables. The emergence of a new conception of validity is described as a major impetus for the creation of the construct validity framework as articulated in two foundational documents—the “Technical Recommendations” (APA et al. 1954 ) and Cronbach and Meehl’s ( 1955 ) landmark paper. The chapter concludes with a summary of the central theses of construct validity theory (CVT) implicit in these works. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.108 | 0.135 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.012 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.067 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.020 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.018 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".