Exploring diminished opportunities for physical activity in an older 'sporty' adult cohort
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research has documented the personal and social/environmental conditions influencing physical activity (PA; Sallis & Owen, 1999), however, almost no research has inspected conditions in older sporting adults (Cardenas et al., 2009). This study explored self-reported conditions influencing PA in a sample of 75 (74.7% male; ages 55-82) 'sporty' adults who had participated in Canadian Senior Games events. Participants completed responses for PA (GLTEQ; Godin & Shephard, 1985), demographics, and 48 previously-validated measures surveying ecological influences on PA (Carey & Young, 2012). Following a median split on GLTEQ (at 41 METS), we conducted PA group (high, lower) MANOVAs separately for intrapersonal (three scales), interpersonal (seven scales), and environmental (five scales) conditions. Significant interactions were reported when post-hoc tests confirmed less-facilitative conditions for the lower PA cohort. The lower PA group reported less 'self-efficacy and motivation' (eta2=.13). Post-hoc two-way ANOVAs showed this was especially true for females (eta2=.06) and working adults (eta2=.08). The lower PA group reported living in communities less conducive to PA, reflected in interactions on three scales (etas2>.12). Specifically, post-hoc ANOVAs showed less 'opportunities near home' was constraining for rural (eta2=.11) and working adults (eta2=.06). Lacking 'facilities and clubs nearby' was specifically constraining for 55-64 year-olds (eta2=.06) and workers (eta2=.07). The lower PA group also reported less 'support from coworkers' (eta2=.15), and 'family' (eta2=.13), and perceived age-related 'social norms' as less enabling (eta2=.11). We discuss the breadth of conditions to be considered in promoting activity among older sporty adults, and the significance of community type, gender, age, and work status.Acknowledgments: This research was supported in part by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and Sport Canada Strategic Initiative Grant
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".