Effect of humic and fulvic substances and Moringa leaf extract on Sudan grass plants grown under saline conditions
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Salinity is the major stress factor that limits crop cultivation, especially in developing countries. A randomized complete block, factorial (3-factor) experiment was conducted on Sudan grass grown on nonsaline and saline soils to assess humic substances with or without foliar spraying Moringa leaf extract (MLE). Factors were (i) soil (three different levels of salinity), i.e., S1: nonsaline [electrical conductivity (EC) = 3.01 dS m−1], S2: medium saline (6.12 dS m−1), and S3: highly saline (12.33 dS m−1); (ii) humic substances, i.e., B0: no addition, B1: humic acid (HA) as potassium (K) humate, B2: fulvic acid (FA) as K fulvate, and B3: HA and FA; (iii) foliar spray with MLE, i.e., C0: nontreated and C1: foliar spray. Results indicated that total chlorophyll, nutrient uptake, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and K significantly decreased within each humic substances application, and MLE with increasing salinity concentration. The highest values of fresh, dry weight, total chlorophyll, and NPK uptake under different salinity levels were observed with application of substances and MLE. Spraying of MLE increased cumulative yield and nutrient uptake by Sudan grass compared with the untreated ones. The treatment of HA and FA with or without spraying MLE gave the highest values of available NPK under the salinity levels.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it