The effect of CO addition on extinction limits and NOx formation in lean counterflow CH4/air premixed flames
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of CO addition on flame extinction and NOX formation in counterflow lean premixed CH4/air flames was investigated by numerical simulation. Detailed chemistry and complex thermal and transport properties were employed. The results revel that the addition of certain amount of CO can increases the stretch extinction limits and reduces the radiation extinction limits. As a result, the lean flammability limit of CH4/air premixed flame is extended to the leaner side by the addition of CO. The formation of NO in a flame is increased with the addition of certain amount of CO at a constant equivalence ratio. For an ultra-lean flame, the increase in the formation of NO is mainly because of the increase in the contribution from the NNH intermediate route, while this increase is mainly due to the rise in the contribution from the thermal route for a near stoichiometric flame. With the fraction of added CO being gradually increased, the formation of NO2 in a flame first decreases, and then increases at a given equivalence ratio. The addition of certain amount of CO reduces the formation N2O in an ultra-lean flame, while affects little on the formation of N2O in a near stoichiometric flame.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".