The relationship between subcortical brain volume and striatal dopamine D<sub>2/3</sub>receptor availability in healthy humans assessed with [<sup>11</sup>C]‐raclopride and [<sup>11</sup>C]‐(+)‐PHNO PET
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Abnormalities in dopamine (DA) and brain morphology are observed in several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it is not fully understood how these abnormalities may relate to one another. For such in vivo findings to be used as biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disease, it must be understood how variability in DA relates to brain structure under healthy conditions. We explored how the availability of striatal DA D2/3receptors (D2/3R) is related to the volume of subcortical brain structures in a sample of healthy humans. Differences in D2/3R availability measured with an antagonist radiotracer ([11C]‐raclopride) versus an agonist radiotracer ([11C]‐(+)‐PHNO) were examined. Methods Data from 62 subjects scanned with [11C]‐raclopride (mean age = 38.98 ± 14.45; 23 female) and 68 subjects scanned with [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO (mean age = 38.54 ± 14.59; 25 female) were used. Subcortical volumes were extracted from T1‐weighted images using the Multiple Automatically Generated Templates (MAGeT‐Brain) algorithm. Partial correlations were used controlling for age, gender, and total brain volume. Results For [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO, ventral caudate volumes were positively correlated with BPNDin the dorsal caudate and globus pallidus (GP). Ventral striatum (VS) volumes were positively correlated with BPNDin the VS. With [11C]‐raclopride, BPNDin the VS was negatively correlated with subiculum volume of the hippocampus. Moreover, BPNDin the GP was negatively correlated with the volume of the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. Conclusion Findings are purely exploratory and presented corrected and uncorrected for multiple comparisons. We hope they will help inform the interpretation of future PET studies where concurrent changes in D2/3R and brain morphology are observed.Hum Brain Mapp 38:5519–5534, 2017. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".