Depression and social phobia in essential tremor and Parkinson's disease
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Essential tremor ( ET ) and Parkinson's disease ( PD ) are the two most common movement disorders, and tremor is the most visible symptom. Comparative study on ET and PD clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms was performed to assess the impact of emotional state on tremor. Objectives To investigate the most common psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety and social phobia) and their correlations with motor symptoms, especially tremor, in ET and PD patients. Materials and Methods This comparative cross‐sectional study consisted of neurological examinations, five self‐assessment questionnaires (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale [ DASS ], Beck Depression Inventory [ BDI ], Social Interaction Anxiety Scale [ SIAS ], Social Phobia Scale [ SPS ], and State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory[ STAI ]), clinical interviews with 45 ET patients, 40 PD patients, and 40 controls ( CG ), and statistical analysis was performed for 40:35:39 respectively. Results BDI revealed depressive disorders of various severities in all groups ( ET =79.5%, PD =91.2%, and CG =66.7%). The study found no significant difference between ET and PD groups ( p = .708) and significant difference between the patients and controls ( ET / CG p = .049; PD / CG p = .007). Depression ( DASS (D), BDI ) did not correlate with tremor severity ( p > .05) in ET and PD patients. The prevalence of social phobia was ET =50.0%, PD =42.9%, and CG =20.5%. There was significant difference between ET / CG ( SIAS p = .02, SPS p = .001) and PD / CG ( SPS p = .018), but no difference between ET and PD groups ( p > .05). Tremor and SPS moderately correlated in ET patients ( r = .35, p = .02). Conclusions ET and PD patients showed high comorbidity of psychiatric disorders, but there was no significant difference between these two groups. ET severity correlated with social phobia scale scores.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it