Bibliographic record
Abstract
Torpor is common in bats, but has historically been viewed as an energy-saving technique reserved for temperate and subarctic climates; however, torpor use is common across several tropical bat families. Central America hosts a great diversity of bats with approximately 150 species, yet data from this area are lacking compared with tropical Africa and Australia. We investigated thermoregulatory responses of bats from neotropical Belize and captured adult bats in the tropical forests of Lamanai Archeological Reserve, Belize. After a 12 h acclimation period, we recorded rectal temperature prior to and after exposing bats to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 7 °C for up to 2 h in an environmental chamber. All 11 species across four families expressed torpor to some degree upon exposure to cool temperatures. Individuals from Vespertilionidae defended the lowest resting body temperature (Tb) and showed the greatest decrease in Tb after acute exposure to low Ta. Our data help to establish a new spectrum of physiological ability for this group of mammals and shed light on the evolution of torpor and heterothermy. We show that energy conservation is important even in warm and energetically stable environmental conditions. Understanding how and why torpor is used in warm climates will help to better define paradigms in physiological ecology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".