The effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin B on antiviral CD8+ T cell responses (VIR6P.1177)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a bacterial superantigen capable of activating a large percentage of the T cell repertoire. Contact with SEB causes T cells to proliferate and secrete inflammatory cytokines, ultimately resulting in deletion or anergy of the activated T cell. This may leave holes in the T cell repertoire, altering the ability of the host to respond to viral infection. We have used a mouse model of influenza (IAV) vaccination and infection to gauge the effect of SEB administration on the quality of the antiviral CD8+ T cell response. Our results show that SEB alters the immunodominance hierarchy of epitope-specific CD8+ T cells during primary, memory and recall responses. We also found that these changes can be explained by the presence or absence of SEB-reactive Vβ regions in the TCRs of epitope-specific CD8+ T cell populations. Intriguingly, SEB exposure also augments the ability of one epitope-specific CD8+ T cell population to kill their target cells. Contrary to previous reports, these results show that contact with SEB may enhance CD8+ T cell responses in the context of IAV infection. In summary, our work uncovers a novel effect of SEB on the immune system, one that has potentially useful implications for the treatment of viral diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".