The relationship between body mass index, sedentary behaviour, and psychosocial outcomes among people with spinal cord injuries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Many people with spinal cord injuries (SCI) reduce or completely stop participating in physical activity post-injury. Furthermore, there is a greater prevalence of negative psychosocial outcomes, such as depression and decreased community integration, post-injury. In the general population, body mass index (BMI) is associated with greater levels of psychological distress and lower well-being, particularly among individuals who are less physically active. Yet little is known about the relationship between sedentary behaviour, BMI and negative psychosocial outcomes among people with SCI. Objective: To determine if BMI moderates the relationship between sedentary behaviour and psychosocial outcomes among community dwelling adults with SCI. Methods: 695 participants (76.2% male, age=46.9 yrs±13.5; years post-injury=15.3 yrs±11.1) completed telephone questionnaires that measured depression, social integration, satisfaction with life, pain, and BMI. Daily activity was measured using the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with SCI; sedentary behaviour was measured by subtracting total daily physical activity from total time awake. Moderation was tested using an interaction term in a hierarchical linear regression. Results: Participants were sedentary for 12.8 hours (SD=2.7 hours) per day. Forty-two participants were underweight (6.4%), 280 were normal weight (42.7%), 223 were overweight (34.0%), and 110 were obese (16.1%). The interaction term in the models for depression, satisfaction with life, and pain was not statistically significant (p>.05). In contrast, the interaction term for the social integration model was significant (B=-1.4, p=.02). Analysis of simple slopes revealed that greater sedentary behaviour is associated with lower social integration among overweight and obese participants. Discussion: Sedentary behaviour is particularly problematic for individuals with SCI who are overweight/obese; these individuals may need help becoming active, but also reintegrating socially. Furthermore, understanding why this relationship exists, such as the result of stereotyping and perceived stigma, can assist with the creation of interventions to enhance wellbeing among with population.Acknowledgments: The lead author is supported by a SSHRC fellowship.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".