043 Metabolomics uncovers serum biomarkers that can predict the risk of retained placenta in transition dairy cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A combination of direct injection and tandem mass spectrometry with a reverse-phase liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect serum metabolite signatures in 20 cows that expelled their fetal membranes normally and 6 cows that retained placenta. We aimed to identify serum biomarkers that can predict the risk of retained placenta (RP) in transition dairy cows. Blood samples were obtained from the coccygeal vein once per week at 0700 h before the morning feeding at 8 and 4 wk before parturition, at the week of RP, and at 4 and 8 wk postpartum. We studied perturbation of serum metabolites using an AbsoluteIDQ 180 kit (BIOCRATES Life Science AG, Innsbruck, Austria), which contained metabolites related to AA, acylcarnitines, biogenic amines, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and hexose. Univariate analysis of data was performed using Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test provided by R (version 3.0.3; 2008). Metabolomic data were analyzed using the MetaboAnalyst software. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Results showed that cows with RP were characterized by a decrease in lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) a C18:2, C20:3, C20:4, C28:0, and C28:1 at 8 wk before parturition and during the week of diagnosis of RP (P < 0.01). At 4 wk prior to calving, LysoPC a C20:4 and C28:0 were decreased. Concentrations of phosphatidylcholines (PC) changed after calving, with 12 and 4 species of PC elevated at 4 and 8 wk after calving, respectively (P < 0.05). Cows with RP were characterized by increased concentrations of sphingomyelins in the serum at 8 wk prior to parturition (P < 0.05), the week of RP (P < 0.05), and at 4 and 8 wk after parturition (P < 0.05). Amino acids Lys, Ile, and Leu were greater in cows diagnosed with RP during all experimental time. Biogenic amines, acetylornithine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, total dimethylarginine, carnosine, creatinine, and sarcosine were greater in RP cows during diagnosis week (P < 0.01). It is intriguing that pre-RP, RP, and post-RP cows showed an increased concentration of Lys, Ile, Leu, and acetylornithine during all experimental time points studied (P < 0.01). Moreover, LysoPC a C20:4 and C28:0, ornithine, and Asn decreased before parturition and at the disease diagnosis week (P < 0.05). In conclusion, RP is preceded by and associated with alterations in multiple species of AC, PC, LPC, AA, and BA starting from 8 wk prior to parturition. Alterations of serum Lys, ornithine, acetylornithine, LysoPC a C28:0, Asp, Leu, and Ile might be novel serum biomarkers for prediction of risk of RP in dairy cows.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".