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Record W2742590343

Bilateral U.S. Ethanol Trade with Canada and Brazil

2013· article· en· W2742590343 on OpenAlex
Humphrey Egyir

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueOpen PRAIRIE (South Dakota State University) · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnergy
TopicEnergy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsInternational tradeEconomicsPolitical scienceBusiness
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Global demand for fuel ethanol has increased significantly over the last decade. The U.S. was a net importer of ethanol until 2009. However, the U.S. has emerged as a net exporter since then. Accordingly, it is important to analyze the bilateral ethanol trade between U.S. and its major export destinations (Canada and Brazil). Main objective of this study is to identify factors influencing the bilateral U.S. ethanol trade with Canada, and Brazil as well as analyzing the impacts of these factors on U.S. ethanol trade with Canada, and Brazil. A system of simultaneous equations consisting of U.S. net export of ethanol to Canada, and Brazil are estimated. Using quarterly time series data for 2001- 2012 time periods, U.S. net ethanol export model was estimated with three-stage least squares (3SLS). The results suggest that U.S. net exports of ethanol to Canada, and Brazil are mainly driven by ethanol mandates rather than world crude price. U.S. net export of ethanol to Canada was impacted significantly by Canadian GDP and insignificantly by U.S. ethanol price. In contrast, the impact of Brazilian GDP on U.S. net ethanol export to Brazil was insignificant and that of relative price of ethanol was significant. Ethanol related policy variables including Canadian participation in Kyoto protocol, Canadian federal ethanol producer and consumer incentive, and world sugar prices were found not to have any statistically impact on U.S. net ethanol exports to Canada, and Brazil.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.613
Threshold uncertainty score0.790

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.182
Teacher spread0.174 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it