653 Feeding red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) affected feed intake and digestion in the digestive tract of beef heifers fed high-grain diet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Red osier dogwood (ROD; Cornus sericea) is an abundant native shrub plant across Canada and it is rich in bioactive compounds with total phenolic concentration varying between 40 to 220 mg/g depending on the season. The phenolics include anthocyanins, gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and cyanin have both antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Studies demonstrated that feeding ROD may reduce the use of antibiotics in livestock animals. It is hypothesized a greater feed value than barley silage in beef cattle diet. The objective was to determine the effect of increasing substitution of ROD for barley silage in high-grain diet on ruminal pH and fermentation, feed digestion in the total digestive tract in beef heifers. Five rumen cannulated Angus heifers (BW = 660 ± 40.8 kg) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Treatments were control diet containing 15% barley silage and 85% barley concentrate (DM basis), diet that substituted with 3%, 7% or 15% of ROD for equal barley silage, or diet supplemented with monensin (28 mg/kg diet DM). Ruminal pH was monitored continuously for 4 days using wireless pH probe of each period. Fermentation characteristics were measured for two consecutive days at 1, 3, 5, and 7 h of each day after the morning feeding. Apparent digestibility was determined using Cr2O3 as external marker by sampling feces from the rectum. Data were analysed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with model including fixed effect of diets and random effects of heifer and period. Intake of DM quadratically (P < 0.02) increased with increasing the replacement of silage by ROD from 0, 3, 7, to 10% (11.5, 12.1, 12.4, and 11.8 kg/d). Mean ruminal pH ranged from 5.95 to 6.14 and were not affected by diets, and no effects of diets on total VFA concentration (averaged 138 mM) were observed. However, ruminal NH3-N concentration linearly (P < 0.01) decreased with increasing ROD (10.7, 9.0, 9.8, and 8.0 mM). Digestibility of DM quadratically (P < 0.01) increased with increasing ROD from 0, 3, 7 to 10% (72.9, 74.8, 77.2, and 75.0%). Furthermore, feeding ROD vs monensin increased DM intake (12.1 vs 11.2 kg/d; P < 0.01), DM digestibility (75.8 vs 72.1%; P < 0.01), and VFA concentration (141 vs 130 mM; P < 0.05). These results indicate greater feed value of ROD vs barley silage or monensin but it was dose-dependant. It suggests that ROD could be fed potentially as an alternative to silage or monensin in beef cattle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".