S1904-2-2 Improvement of thrust and specific impulse by convective heat transfer in Laval nozzle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The one-dimensional analysis has been performed using the analysis program for the flow of the propellant of Laval nozzles. The propellant is nitrogen. Two kinds of nozzle that has a throat diameter of 0.5 mm and 1 mm are assumed. Heat flow to the propellant by convective heat transfer in the supersonic region is increased by elongating of the divergent section of the nozzle. The ratio of the exhaust velocity with the heat transfer in the nozzle to the exhaust velocity without the heat transfer is not affected by the throat diameter, inlet pressure, and temperature difference between the nozzle wall and the propellant. In the case that the throat diameter of 0.5 mm, inlet pressure of 1 MPa, temperature difference of 300 K and length of the divergent section of 200 mm, the ratio of the exhaust velocity becomes 1.05.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".