382 Interaction between feeding techniques and ambient temperature on growing pigs' performance and body composition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pigs maintained in hot environments voluntarily reduce feed intake, and thus growth performance, to lower the heat dissipation burden. Feeding pigs with low-protein diets has been proposed to attenuate the negative effects of heat stress in pigs reared in hot climate areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and body composition of pigs fed in conventional group-phase feeding systems (CONV) or individually fed with daily tailored diets (precision feeding [PREC]) under 2 thermal conditions (thermoneutral, 23°C, and high temperature, 30°C). Forty-eight 41-kg (±0.98) BW barrow pigs were assigned to treatments (12 animals per treatment) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted 55 d (phase 1 from d 0 to 27 and phase 2 from d 28 to 55). Conventional group-phase feeding systems–fed pigs received, within each phase, a constant blend of diets A (high nutrient density) and B (low nutrient density) supplying the estimated nutrient requirements of the group, whereas PREC pigs received daily a personalized blend providing the estimated amount of nutrients. Body mineral and lean and fat masses were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the beginning and at the end of each phase. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, including the fixed effects of feeding system (FS), ambient temperature (AT), and their interactions. Initial BW was included as a covariate. Average daily feed intake, ADG, NE intake, and lysine intake were lower at 30°C than at 23°C (P < 0.01) but were similar within FS. Lysine intake was lower in PREC pigs than in CONV pigs at both 23 and 30°C (−16.9 and −14.1%, respectively) but had similar growth performance. The means of protein and lipid gain and body protein and lipid content were different (P < 0.01) for AT independently of FS. In the PREC pigs, bone mineral content was lower (P = 0.01) than in the CONV pigs (1.16 and 1.26 kg) at 23°C. The results of this study indicate that precision feeding may be an efficient strategy for high as well as thermoneutral temperatures, reducing the excessive nutrient intake of pigs without impairing the performance and body composition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".