BiFeO<sub>3</sub> as Electrode Material for Lithium Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BiFeO3 was studied as electrode material for lithium battery applications. The voltage profile of BiFeO3 vs Li battery displays three discharge plateaus around 1.3, 0.7 and 0.4 V (vs Li/Li+) and the first discharge capacity is about 1000 mAh/g, with a cutoff voltage of 0.05 V. If the cutoff voltage is limited to 0.7 V, much better capacity retention is achieved. The structural changes of BiFeO3 during electrochemical cycling process were investigated using synchrotron-based in situ XRD and XANES. Lithium ions were inserted into BiFeO3 during the discharge process. The whiteline of Bi LIII-edge XANES spectra gradually decreased during the discharge process with their LIII edge position concomitantly shifted towards lower energy position. However, the Fe K-edge XANES spectrum of the fully discharged product is similar to that of the pristine one and displays no shifts. This indicates that Bi ions are responsible for charge transfer during the electrochemical cycling process. The reduction of Bi3+ to Bi0 as the gradual insertion of Li ions, is a three-step reduction process. Li2Bi alloy formation was observed at the end of the discharge process, which is not fully reversible towards lithium intercalation/extraction and decomposes to metallic Bi.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".