227 Apparent and true digestibility of minerals in animal and vegetable ingredient based adult maintenance dog food
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Minerals are essential in the diet of dogs throughout all life stages. There is a dearth of knowledge with regards to mineral digestibility in canines, and current knowledge focuses on the digestibility of supplemented minerals, not of endogenous mineral bioavailability of ingredients or formulated diets. The objective of this study was to determine the apparent digestibility and true digestibility of macro and trace minerals in canines fed either animal or vegetable based adult maintenance diets. We hypothesized that dogs fed the animal ingredient based diet would have higher mineral digestibility as compared to dogs fed the vegetable ingredient based diet. This study was designed as a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square. Eight purpose bred Beagles (2 intact males, 6 spayed females) of similar age (2.12 ± 0.35 years) were pair housed but fed individually based on individual energy requirements. Four diets (animal ingredient based diet, vegetable ingredient based diet, animal ingredient based diet diluted to 50% α-d-glucose, and vegetable ingredient based diet diluted to 50% with α-d-glucose) were fed to dogs with titanium dioxide included in the diet at 0.3% to enable calculation of digestibility. Kennel numbers were randomly assigned to each pair of dogs with all 8 dogs cycling through the 4 trial diets in random order. Each diet was fed for 10 d, and fecal samples were collected from d 6 to 10. Data were analyzed using a mixed model through SAS (version. 9.4, SAS Institute) with treatment, period, and kennel as a fixed effect and dog as the random effect. There was no difference in apparent digestibility of calcium between dogs fed vegetable vs. animal diets; however, dogs fed the vegetable based diet had greater true digestibility of calcium (P = 0.0143) as compared to dogs fed the animal based diet. The apparent and true digestibility phosphorus and iron were greater in dogs fed the vegetable based diets as compared to animal based diets (P < 0.001). There were no differences in apparent or true digestibility of potassium, copper, and zinc between dogs fed the animal and vegetable based diets (P > 0.05). These results suggest that apparent and true digestibility do not result in similar conclusions, and digestibility of endogenous minerals are similar or greater in dogs fed diets that are largely vegetable based.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".