Adsorptive removal of hazardous organic water pollutants by humic acid–carbon hybrid materials: kinetics and isotherm study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The adsorption characteristics of phenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and atrazine onto humic acid–carbon hybrid materials were investigated under different experimental conditions (ionic strength, pH, adsorbent dose, agitation time and initial concentration). It was found that ionic strength has insignificant effect on the adsorption process which peaked at acidic pH. The kinetic data were fitted to Elovich equation and intra-particle diffusion models. Kinetics results showed that the adsorption can be represented by two steps: a rapid step dominating the first 5 min followed by a slower uptake to the final steady-state value. On the other hand, equilibrium data were examined by Freundlich and Langmuir equations. Langmuir was the best model fit for the adsorption of 2,4,6- TCP onto the studied materials, phenol adsorption on carbon-coated insolubilized humic acid and atrazine adsorption onto insolubilized humic acid and carbon-coated insolubilized humic acid. The study proved that humic acid–carbon hybrid material has higher adsorption capacity than the pure materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".