Cardiorespiratory Responses to Short Bouts of Resistance Training Exercises in Individuals With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Resistance training is recommended in pulmonary rehabilitation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the acute cardiorespiratory responses to different intensities of resistance training are not known. We compared acute cardiorespiratory responses with high-intensity versus low-intensity resistance exercises in persons with COPD and healthy, matched controls. This research may assist in developing training parameters in COPD. METHODS: Participants (n = 10 per group) performed 1 set of 10 repetitions of leg extension and arm elevation at 2 intensities: 40% (low) and 80% (high) of 1-repetition maximum. Minute ventilation ((Equation is included in full-text article.)E), oxygen uptake ((Equation is included in full-text article.)O2), and heart rate (HR) data were collected continuously and expressed as absolute values and relative to values at (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak derived from a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored before and after each set of exercises. RESULTS: Individuals with COPD showed similar (Equation is included in full-text article.)E, (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2, and HR with high- versus low-intensity exercises. RPE was higher after high- vs low-intensity leg extension (4 ± 1.4 vs 2 ± 1, P < .005) and arm elevation (3 ± 2 vs 1 ± 1.4, P < .005). Compared with healthy participants, relative (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2, (Equation is included in full-text article.)E, and HR were higher in COPD (≅40% vs 20% of the (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak; ≅60% vs 20% of (Equation is included in full-text article.)Epeak; and ≅80% vs 20% of HRpeak; all Ps ≤ .004). Absolute responses and RPE were similar between groups, irrespective of intensity and exercise. CONCLUSION: Immediate cardiorespiratory responses to an acute bout of resistance exercise appear to be independent of the exercise intensity in COPD. Although people with COPD are working closer to their (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak, their responses and RPE are comparable with healthy controls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".