Exploring views regarding targeted HPV vaccination in young men who have sex with men and their healthcare professionals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is no public human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme for boys in the UK. As men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at greater risk for HPV-associated cancers, they have been offered targeted HPV vaccination at Genitourinary Medicine (GUM) clinics since 2016. A mixed method study included questionnaires and focus groups with young (16–24 years) MSM, and an online questionnaire with GPs and GUM HCPs to investigate HPV knowledge and attitudes to targeted vaccination. GPs were included given their potential to vaccinate young MSM before sexual debut. T-tests and logistic regression were used to analyse quantitative data and a thematic analysis was performed to evaluate qualitative data. 18 MSM (Mage = 20) and 87 HCPs (Mage = 41) participated. Most MSM were aware of HPV (55.6%), but only 16.7% discussed HPV vaccination with their HCPs. MSM focus groups revealed vaccination barriers including ‘unfamiliar and clinical’ conversations about their sexuality with HCPs. MSM preferred being offered the vaccine by HCPs rather than requesting it and suggested universal school-based vaccination may be more accessible. GPs were less likely than GUM HCPs to believe there was sufficient evidence for vaccinating MSM (OR = 0.07 95%CI = 0.01,0.59); less likely to have skills to identify MSM who may benefit (OR = 0.03 95%CI = 0.01,0.15); and less confident recommending young MSM vaccination (OR = 0.06 95%CI = 0.02,0.21). To prevent HPV-associated cancers in MSM, greater education and support is needed targeting MSM (e.g. dissemination of information about the targeted programme and GPs offering vaccination), but GPs may need education and implementation support for this.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.030 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".