Intranasal immunization with a single dose of the fusion protein formulated with a combination adjuvant induces long-term protective immunity against respiratory syncytial virus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of respiratory tract infections in both children and elderly people. In this study we evaluated the short- and long-term protective efficacy of a single intranasal (IN) immunization with a RSV vaccine formulation consisting of a codon-optimized fusion (F) protein formulated with poly(I:C), an innate defense regulator peptide and a polyphosphazene (ΔF/TriAdj). This vaccine induced strong systemic and local immune responses, including RSV F-specific IgG1 and IgG2a, SIgA and virus neutralizing antibodies in mice. Furthermore, ΔF/TriAdj promoted production of IFN-γ-secreting T cells and RSV F85–93-specific CD8+ effector T cells. After RSV challenge, no virus was recovered from the lungs of the vaccinated mice. To evaluate the duration of immunity induced by a single IN vaccination, mice were again immunized once with ΔF/TriAdj and challenged with RSV five months later. High levels of IgG1, IgG2a and virus neutralizing antibodies were detected in the ΔF/TriAdj-vaccinated animals. Moreover, this vaccine formulation induced robust local SIgA production and IgA-secreting memory B cell development, and conferred complete protection against subsequent RSV challenge. In conclusion, a single IN vaccination with RSV ΔF protein formulated with TriAdj induced robust, long-term protective immune responses against RSV infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".