Review of Project Permits under the London Protocol – An Assessment of the Proposed P18-4 CO2 Storage Site
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The London Protocol (1996) is a global agreement to promote the protection of the marine environment by prohibiting the dumping of wastes and other matter into the sea. Under the Protocol all dumping is prohibited, with the exception of a limited number of selected wastes on the so-called “reverse list”, which can be considered for dumping. In 2007, an amendment entered into force which permitted CO 2 streams to be considered for dumping under the London Protocol. The amendment was shortly followed up with a set of “Specific Guidelines for Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Streams for Disposal into Sub-seabed Geological Formations”, developed to support the National Authorities of Contracting Parties in evaluating permit applications for CO 2 disposal activities in their marine territories. The objective of this report is to assess to what extent the proposed P18-4 CO 2 geological storage site in the Dutch North Sea, originally part of the ROAD CCS Project, complies with the aforementioned guidelines, and therefore the 1996 London Protocol itself. The assessment has been achieved through a simple, but systematic, cross check of the requirements of the guideline against the contents of the application material provided by the operator to the National Authority. This assessment finds that the material submitted to the National Authority is broadly sufficient to allow an evaluation of the planned CO 2 storage activities in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1996 London Protocol. The assessment indicates overall technical compliance with the CO 2 Specific Guidelines, with no information sufficiently absent to indicate clear non-compliance. There are, however, eight areas from within the application material whereby the information or justification is partially sufficient, but may require further clarification, and one area of non-compliance from within the permit conditions, which is the responsibility of the National Authority. A number of recommendations are provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.058 | 0.080 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".