Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work analyzes the representation of children in television news in Albania. It builds on theories on the role of journalists in constructing social reality (Shoemaker & Vos, 2009; Hall, 1982; Tuchman, 1978) and on childhood as a social construction (Prout and James, 1997) to explore the hegemonic representations of children in the Albanian television news. News media play an important role in creating, shaping and consolidating our ideas related to children and their social lives. Empirical studies conducted on the portrayal of children in the news conclude that children are portrayed mostly as passive subjects, symbols of victimization, in need of protection and care (Buckingham 2011; Ponte, 2007; Goonasekera, 2001). The goal of this study is twofold. On the one hand, it offers a detailed picture of the representation of children in television news. On the other, it gives some insights on the most pressing issues related to journalists and their role in the representation of social reality. Preliminary results show that children count for being quoted in only 15 out of 154 news items related to them. In an abounding number of news items (32), the word minor/s is used repeatedly to describe children, both by anchors and quoted subjects. Children are mostly portrayed in news items related to politics, in the role of victims, passive beneficiaries or objects of emotional appeal. Furthermore, minority groups -children belonging to ethnic minorities, children with disabilities or children living in extreme poverty situations- are invisible in the news. Only 7 out of 154 news items refer to issues of children living in rural areas, which comprise 42 % of the entire population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".