TiO2-BaTiO3 Composite Films as Photoanode for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell: Effect of BaTiO3 Content
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This manuscript reports the use of TiO2-BaTiO3 composite films as a photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The influence of BaTiO3 content on the performance parameters of the DSSC has been investigated. The composite has been prepared on ITO glass substrate via sol-gel assisted with spin coating technique. The XRD analysis reveals that the sample is crystalline with the phase of BaTiO3 and anatase TiO2. From the FESEM observation, it was found that the pure sample contains bigger pores compared with the other samples prepared with various BaTiO3 contents. The samples become more compact as the content of BaTiO3 increases. The samples absorb more light in ultraviolet (UV) region than visible region. The area of absorption window varies with BaTiO3 content. The device utilizing the sample with 0 and 6 wt.% BaTiO3 demonstrated the lowest leak current. The device utilizing pure sample produced the highest η of 0.18%. This is due to this device utilized the sample with highest porosity, lowest leak current and charge transfer resistance, Rct.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".