The Socio –Economic livelihood of Migrant Shoe Shiners: The Case of Migrant Shoe Shiners in Sabean Quarter of Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate “ The Socio –Economic livelihood of Migrant Shoe Shiners: The Case of Migrant Shoe Shiners in Sabean Quarter of Dire Dawa”. The researcher used Qualitative research approaches and primary data collection methods that largely include observations, interviews are the principal methods to understand the etic lives of shoe shiners. This involved the daily practice of the shoe shining children to understand their social and economic context of lives and their interpersonal relations in their livelihood perspectives, experiences and actions. Moreover, researcher has attempted to assess their social networks and economic relationships which were constructed by the children themselves. In fact, the whole process of generating the research data was primarily made on the basis of the children’s own perspectives and understanding of their work and livelihood conditions. Poor rural conditions of their parents made them to migrate to provide food and basic survival needs to their children. Therefore, this study make known that the livelihoods of the shoe shiners are dynamic and there is an intense solidarity among shoe-shinning children in Dire Dawa. Most of them maintain very close social ties and networks with peer groups, relatives, customers, and with other street actors. The most predominant social tie and network are peer group socialization which is mainly constructed on the basis of identical work and geographical origin. Those who came from the same geographical origin and rural village form a unified functional group and develop high sense of belongingness. They live and work together for getting the benefits of communal life style. Children conceived that living together is the sole livelihood strategy which enables to reduce urban living cost and perhaps makes life easier and enjoyable. They use their social networks and bonds to overcome some of the challenges they face such as reducing their meals and sharing apartments with colleagues as well as relying on each other’s help in times of scarcity. Moreover, they create a new sense of ‘family-hood’ with their social groups and exercise a sense of enthusiastic love and care to each other. At times they suffer, they usually share material and financial benefits from each other. For instance, if a child lacks income to get food, friends will invite and or lend some money. If somebody is sick or injured they would take him to the clinic or give treatment at home. Shoe-shinning children one among the urban poor in Addis city, have been exposed to various vulnerable living conditions. Most of them lack adequate livelihood income and basic necessities which in turn affected their spatial well being and health conditions as well.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".