Experimental and numerical investigation of the formation of Oil Particle Aggregates (OPA)
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract (2017-187) Oil-particle interactions can result in oil particle aggregates (OPA), which move differently from oil droplets or particles alone. This may alter drastically the fate of oil. Laboratory studies were conducted using the EPA baffled flask and the resultant OPAs were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. 3D images of the OPA structure provided the evidence of a new theory of the oil-particle coagulation mechanism in turbulent flows. The experimental data was then used to validate the newly developed OPA model, A-DROP, that requires the input of particle and oil properties and the mixing intensity. A new parameter to account for the shape of the particles and the packing on the oil droplets, and a new conceptual formulation of oil-particle coagulation efficiency are introduced in the model to account for the overall behavior of the coated area on the droplet surface. The model was used to simulate the OPA formation in a typical nearshore environment. Modeling results indicate that the increase of particle concentration in the swash zone would speed up the oil–particle interaction process; but the oil amount trapped in OPAs did not correspond to the increase of particle concentration. The developed A-DROP model could become an important tool in understanding the natural removal of oil and developing oil spill countermeasures by means of oil–particle aggregation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it