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Record W2753127580

Changements dans les milieux humides du fleuve Saint-Laurent de 1970 à 2002

2011· article· fr· W2753127580 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
M. Jean, G. Létourneau

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languagefr
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicCoastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHumanitiesForestryGeographyArt
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Le present exercice vise principalement a contribuer au Programme Suivi de l’etat du Saint-Laurent par la mise en place d’un suivi recurrent des milieux humides du fleuve Saint-Laurent. Son objectif est de surveiller l’evolution de la superficie des milieux humides, de rendre compte de la dynamique de ces milieux et de mettre en lumiere le resultat des pressions recentes qui s'exercent sur ces ecosystemes d’importance. Ce projet s’inspire d’importants travaux publies qui visaient a comptabiliser les pertes en milieux humides survenues le long du fleuve Saint-Laurent (Groupe Dryade, 1981; Environnement Canada, 1985; Robitaille et al., 1988; Marquis et al., 1991; Gosselin, 2003). Nous avons reussi a comparer les resultats anterieurs aux donnees les plus recentes. Nous avons harmonise les legendes des cartographies publiees par le Groupe Dryade (1980) et Letourneau et Jean (2005, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c), et nous avons documente la dynamique des marais et des marecages entre les annees 1970 et 2000-2002. Nos resultats montrent que la dynamique des milieux humides durant la periode entre les annees 1970 et 2000-2002 est tres differente de celle enregistree entre 1945 et les annees 1970. Plus precisement, la superficie des marais et marecages (excluant les eaux peu profondes) a legerement augmente entre 1990-1991 et 2000-2002. Ainsi, ces milieux occupaient 28 228 hectares (ha) en 1990-1991 et 28 992 ha en 2000-2002, une augmentation de 764 ha ou 2,7 p. 100. Les resultats sectoriels montrent cependant des dynamiques differentes. Des pertes nettes de milieux humides sont observees dans le secteur Montreal-Longueuil de meme qu’au lac Saint-Pierre. A l’oppose, d’importants gains sont enregistres dans l’estuaire fluvial, le moyen estuaire et une partie de l’estuaire maritime. Ce travail met en lumiere la grande dynamique des facies des milieux humides du Saint-Laurent ou plusieurs facteurs, dont les niveaux de l’eau et les marees, peuvent avoir un effet important sur l’estimation des superficies. Par ailleurs, de nombreux changements survenus au sein meme des milieux humides renforcent l’image dynamique de ces ecosystemes. On remarque dans plusieurs secteurs du fleuve une tendance vers l’assechement relatif des milieux humides. Bien que cette tendance puisse etre naturelle, il nous est permis d’emettre l’hypothese que la baisse des niveaux d’eau enregistree durant les dix dernieres annees, ainsi que l’eutrophisation, aient pu avoir un effet accelerateur sur ce phenomene. Le constat des dix dernieres annees nous semble encourageant. Les efforts de conservation et de restauration, realises le long du Saint-Laurent par de multiples organisations, ont porte des fruits. Parmi ceux-ci, la creation, le long du Saint-Laurent, des reserves nationales de faune et des refuges d’oiseaux migrateurs a marque une etape determinante dans la preservation des milieux humides. Cela ne diminue en rien, toutefois, le constat que les milieux humides subissent encore d’importantes pressions. La vigilance est de rigueur et seul un engagement a long terme de poursuivre un tel suivi pourra fournir de l’information permettant de statuer en la matiere et d’orienter les actions. The main aim of the present work is to support the Monitoring the State of the St. Lawrence Program by laying the groundwork for recurring monitoring of the wetlands along the St. Lawrence River. More specifically, this involves monitoring changes in wetland area, examining wetland dynamics, and identifying the outcome of recent pressures on these significant ecosystems. The analysis draws on large-scale published studies aimed at taking stock of the wetland losses along the St. Lawrence River (Groupe Dryade 1981; Environment Canada 1985; Robitaille et al. 1988; Marquis et al. 1991; Gosselin 2003). We were able to compare the results obtained earlier to the most recent data. We harmonized the legends of the maps published by Groupe Dryade (1980) and by Letourneau and Jean (2005, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c), and we documented marsh and swamp dynamics between the 1970s and 2000–2002. Our results show that wetland dynamics of the period from the 1970s to 2000–2002 are very different from the situation observed between 1945 and the 1970s. More specifically, the area of marshes and swamps (excluding shallow water areas) increased slightly between 1990–1991 and 2000–2002. These environments occupied an area of 28 228 hectares (ha) in 1990–1991 compared with 28 992 ha in 2000–2002, which represents an increase of 764 ha or 2.7%. The sector-by-sector results provide a different picture of wetland dynamics, however. Net losses were observed in the Montreal-Longueuil area as well as around Lake Saint- Pierre. In contrast, significant gains were recorded in the fluvial estuary, the upper estuary and part of the lower estuary. This report provides an overview of the dynamics of the different components of the St. Lawrence wetlands and shows that several factors, including water levels and tides, can have a major effect on estimates of wetland area. Many changes occurring within the river’s wetlands underscore the dynamic character of these ecosystems. In several sectors along the St. Lawrence, there is a drying trend within wetlands. Although this may be a natural trend, we can postulate that the drop in water levels recorded over the past 10 years, as well as eutrophication, may have accelerated this phenomenon. The findings of the past decade appear encouraging. Conservation and restoration efforts carried out along the St. Lawrence by many different organizations have borne fruit. For example, the creation of national wildlife areas and migratory bird sanctuaries along the river has played a key role in the preservation of wetlands. However, this does not detract from the finding that the wetlands still face strong pressures. Continued vigilance is in order, and only through long-term commitment to continuing this monitoring effort can we secure the information needed to guide decision making and actions.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.537
Threshold uncertainty score0.920

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.028
GPT teacher head0.212
Teacher spread0.184 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations4
Published2011
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same topicCoastal wetland ecosystem dynamicsFrench-language works237,207