Compatibility of Zineb, Dimethoate and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin Against Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae)
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experiments were conducted under laboratory and field conditions to assess the effect of the fungicide Zineb (zinc dimethyl-dithiocarbamate) and the insecticide Cygon (dimethoate) on the pathogenicity of the isolate MK 2001 of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, a potential microbial agent for biological control of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). The isolate was highly pathogenic to adults yielding an LC50 of 7.2 × 103 conidia/mL at 6 d post treatment and an LT50 of 3.07 d at a concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/mL. Zineb inhibited the in vitro growth of the fungus in Sabouraud's dextrose broth and on Sabouraud's dextrose agar. It had no insecticidal activity against adult L. lineolaris in laboratory bioassays. A field test with caged L. lineolaris adults on lettuce Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia, at a phenological stage of 50 leaves further demonstrated that Zineb and Dimethoate had no effect on B. bassiana against L. lineolaris. Adult mortality 10 d after application did not differ significantly in treatments with B. bassiana alone from treatments with B. bassiana + Zineb, dimethoate alone, B. bassiana + dimethoate, B. bassiana + Zineb, and B. bassiana + Zineb + dimethoate. No larva was observed in cages treated with B. bassiana alone or in combination with Zineb or dimethoate. On the contrary, 11 larvae/plant were recorded in the untreated cages and 5 larvae/plant in the dimethoate-treated cages.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it